WGU Ethics-In-Technology Exam Dumps

A hazard log is a structured record of potential dangers, risks, and safety concerns identified throughout the development of a system---particularly in high-risk industries like autonomous vehicles. The system safety engineer is tracking issues that could lead to accidents, fatalities, or legal consequences, which aligns with hazard logging.

Unlike risk logs (which document broader business risks) or defect logs (which track software bugs), a hazard log focuses specifically on safety risks.

Relevant Ethical Reference in Technology:

ISO 26262 (Automotive Safety Standard) -- Requires systematic hazard logging in autonomous vehicle development.

Utilitarian Ethics & Public Safety -- Tracking hazards minimizes harm to the public and ensures ethical AI deployment.

Product Liability & Ethics (Tort Law) -- Ethical and legal responsibility requires addressing known safety concerns.

ACM & IEEE Safety Standards -- Developers must document hazards and mitigate risks in AI-driven systems.

Thus, the correct answer is C. Hazard, as the engineer is recording and assessing safety risks in autonomous vehicles.

Since the U.S. military contract explicitly requires new parts, using refurbished parts violates the contract and potentially U.S. federal regulations. The engineer ethically and legally must report this violation because it could:

Compromise national security

Violate contract law

Lead to safety risks in military operations

Reporting to a government agency (such as the Department of Defense or an inspector general) ensures that the issue is properly investigated and addressed.

Relevant Ethical Reference in Technology:

Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) -- Protects employees who report unethical or illegal activities.

Defense Contracting & Ethics (False Claims Act) -- Companies must comply with military contract specifications.

Deontological Ethics (Moral Obligation to Report Violations) -- Engineers have a duty to act responsibly when ethical violations occur.

ACM & IEEE Engineering Ethics -- Require professionals to prioritize honesty, safety, and compliance with regulations.

Thus, the correct answer is A. Report the activities to the government, as the engineer must expose contract violations involving military equipment.

The consultant was hired by the organization to test its cybersecurity and identify vulnerabilities. This is the role of a white hat hacker, also known as an ethical hacker.

Why White Hat Hacker?

White hat hackers conduct security assessments legally and ethically to help organizations strengthen their cyber defenses.

The consultant demonstrated SQL injection attacks in a controlled manner to expose weaknesses without malicious intent.

Ethical hacking is a recognized practice under cybersecurity frameworks like NIST and ISO 27001.

Why Not the Other Options?

A . Cybercriminal -- Engages in illegal hacking for personal or financial gain, whereas the consultant was hired to help the organization.

C . Cyberterrorist -- Motivated by political or ideological goals, not cybersecurity testing.

D . Black Hat Hacker -- Malicious hackers who exploit vulnerabilities for personal benefit, unlike ethical hackers.

Thus, the correct answer is B. White Hat Hacker, as the consultant was conducting authorized penetration testing.

Reference in Ethics in Technology:

CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) Guidelines.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework.

OWASP Top Ten Security Risks (2023).

The data scientist's approach raises two key ethical concerns:

Proxy Discrimination (C) -- Using demographic data from limited zip codes may create biased AI models that discriminate against certain racial, economic, or social groups. Zip codes often reflect historical segregation, leading to unfair predictions.

Small Sample Size (D) -- Training an AI model on a limited set of familiar zip codes introduces selection bias, reducing the model's ability to generalize across diverse populations. This affects fairness and accuracy.

Relevant Ethical Reference in Technology:

Algorithmic Fairness & Bias (FAT/ML Guidelines) -- AI models must avoid using biased proxies and ensure diverse training data.

Privacy & Ethical AI (GDPR, CCPA) -- AI decisions must not indirectly discriminate based on location, race, or socioeconomic status.

Utilitarian Ethics (Maximizing Fairness & Inclusivity) -- AI should benefit all groups equally, not just selected demographics.

IEEE & ACM AI Ethics Standards -- Encourage transparent, unbiased data selection to prevent discrimination.

Thus, the correct answers are C. Proxy discrimination and D. Small sample size, as both contribute to bias in AI models.

A white hat hacker is an ethical cybersecurity specialist hired to test an organization's security infrastructure and identify vulnerabilities before malicious attackers exploit them. Unlike black hat hackers (who engage in illegal activities), white hat hackers operate within legal and ethical boundaries to strengthen cybersecurity defenses.

In this scenario, the company hires a specialist to test security systems for vulnerabilities, which aligns with the role of a white hat hacker or ethical hacker.

Relevant Ethical Reference in Technology:

Ethical Hacking & Cybersecurity (CEH Certification) -- Ethical hackers conduct penetration testing to identify weaknesses.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA, 1986) -- Authorizes legal hacking for security testing purposes.

ACM & IEEE Ethical Standards -- Ethical hacking must follow responsible disclosure and legal guidelines.

Utilitarian Ethics (Greatest Good Principle) -- Ethical hacking prevents cyberattacks, benefiting organizations and society.

Thus, the correct answer is B. White hat hacker, as the specialist is legally testing security vulnerabilities.