ISTQB CTFL-Foundation Exam Dumps

It is unlikely that developers will have a better understanding of the requirements than testers, partly because testers work closely with the user community (and may be drawn from it) and partly because developers seldom work with the complete set of requirements in a medium to large development.

Testers may raise incidents related to the difference between user expectations and the specification, but these are not unnecessary. Such issues are more likely to arise at the later stages of testing.

Early testing (unit testing) is usually done most effectively by developers with a good understanding of the code and the development environment; they can be more efficient and more effective at this level. Later independent stages of testing offset any disadvantage from the lack of independence at unit testing level.

To verify the non-functional requirements such as the support for a minimum number of enquiries per hour, availability, and response time during peak loads, the most appropriate set of test types would include Performance Testing to assess the responsiveness and stability, Load Testing to verify the system's ability to handle expected user loads, and Stress Testing to determine the system's behavior under extreme conditions. These tests collectively ensure that the system meets the specified non-functional criteria.

The test process can start as soon as the software requirements have been approved. The ISTQB CTFL syllabus v4.0 emphasizes that early involvement of testing helps in identifying defects early in the lifecycle, which includes the validation of requirements and planning of testing activities based on those requirements.

Statement coverage is a white-box testing technique that involves executing all the statements in the code at least once. It is not considered a black-box technique because it requires knowledge of the internal structure of the code being tested. Black-box techniques, such as equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, and boundary value analysis, focus on testing the functionality of the software without considering its internal code structure.

A driver is a piece of code that calls a function or module to be tested and passes it the necessary test data. It is commonly used in bottom-up integration testing to simulate the higher-level modules that invoke the function being tested. Stubs, on the other hand, are used to simulate lower-level modules. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 4.3.1.