ISC2 CISSP Exam Dumps

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) authentication is accomplished by using clear text and shared secret keys. RADIUS is a protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for remote network access. RADIUS uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to communicate between the client and the server. RADIUS authentication uses clear text to send the username and password of the user, but it also uses a shared secret key to encrypt a message authentication code (MAC) that is appended to the packet. The MAC is used to verify the integrity and authenticity of the packet. The shared secret key is only known by the client and the server, and it is never transmitted over the network. The other options are not correct. RADIUS does not use firewall rules, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), or asymmetric encryption keys for authentication.Reference:Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Domain 4: Communication and Network Security, p. 503-504;CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4: Communication and Network Security, p. 228-229.

From an asset security perspective, the best countermeasure to prevent data theft due to data remanence when a sensitive data storage media is no longer needed is to physically destroy the retired media. Data remanence is the residual data that remains on a storage device after it has been erased or formatted. Data remanence poses a risk of unauthorized disclosure or recovery of sensitive information by malicious actors. Physical destruction is the most secure method of eliminating data remanence, as it involves rendering the storage media unusable and irreparable by methods such as shredding, pulverizing, burning, or melting. Physical destruction ensures that no data can be retrieved from the media, even with advanced forensic tools or techniques. Reference: Data States and Data Remanence, Data Remanence and Decommissioning, Data Remanence (CISSP Free by Skillset.com)

A data loss prevention (DLP) solution is a system that monitors, detects, and prevents the unauthorized access, use, or transfer of sensitive data. A DLP solution relies on business rules to define what constitutes sensitive data and what actions are allowed or prohibited for the data. Therefore, one of the factors that must be considered when developing business rules for a DLP solution is data sensitivity. Data sensitivity is the degree to which the data is confidential, valuable, or critical to the organization or its stakeholders. Data sensitivity determines the level of protection and control that the data requires, and the potential impact or risk of data loss. Data availability, data ownership, and data integrity are also important factors for data security, but they are not specific to DLP solutions.Reference:CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4: Data Security, page 191;CISSP Official (ISC)2 Practice Tests, Third Edition, Domain 2: Asset Security, Question 2.15, page 80.

The most common cause of system or security failures is lack of change control. Change control is a process that ensures that any changes to the system or the environment are authorized, documented, tested, and approved before implementation. Change control helps to prevent errors, conflicts, inconsistencies, and vulnerabilities that may arise from unauthorized or uncontrolled changes. Lack of change control can result in system instability, performance degradation, functionality loss, security breaches, or compliance violations. Lack of system documentation, lack of physical security controls, and lack of logging and monitoring are also potential causes of system or security failures, but they are not as common or as critical as lack of change control.Reference:CISSP CBK Reference, 5th Edition, Chapter 3, page 145;CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 8th Edition, Chapter 3, page 113

The type of network topology that is exemplified by the scenario where telephones in a city are connected by a single exchange, and the caller can only connect with the switchboard operator, who then manually connects the call, is the star topology. A star topology is a type of network topology that consists of a central node, such as a switch, a hub, or a router, that connects to multiple peripheral nodes, such as computers, printers, or phones, using point-to-point links. A star topology allows the communication between the peripheral nodes to be controlled and routed by the central node, which can provide better performance, reliability, and security. A star topology also simplifies the network design, management, and troubleshooting, as the failure or addition of a peripheral node does not affect the rest of the network. A star topology is suitable for the scenario where telephones in a city are connected by a single exchange, and the caller can only connect with the switchboard operator, who then manually connects the call, as it can enable the centralized and efficient communication between the telephones .Reference: [CISSP CBK, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, page 343]; [100 CISSP Questions, Answers and Explanations, Question 20].