ISC2 CISSP Exam Dumps

The first step during digital identity provisioning is creating the entity record with the correct attributes. Digital identity provisioning is a process that involves the creation, management, or deletion of the digital identities, accounts, or credentials, of the entities, such as users, devices, or processes, that need to access or use the systems, networks, or resources, of an organization, to ensure the security, efficiency, or compliance of the access or use of the systems, networks, or resources, by the entities. Digital identity provisioning can follow various methods, models, or frameworks, such as the Identity Management Life Cycle (IMLC), the Identity and Access Management (IAM), or the Identity Governance and Administration (IGA), that can define, structure, or guide the digital identity provisioning process, by using various phases, stages, or steps, such as initialization, issuance, maintenance, or revocation. The first step during digital identity provisioning is creating the entity record with the correct attributes, which means to establish, register, or store the information, data, or details, of the entity, such as the name, role, or privilege of the entity, that are required or sufficient to identify, authenticate, or authorize the entity, to access or use the systems, networks, or resources, of the organization. Creating the entity record with the correct attributes can help to ensure the validity, accuracy, or consistency of the digital identity, account, or credential, of the entity, as well as to enable or facilitate the subsequent steps or actions, such as issuing, updating, or deleting the digital identity, account, or credential, of the entity. Authorizing the entity for resource access, synchronizing directories, or issuing an initial random password are not the first steps during digital identity provisioning, as they are either more related to the other phases, stages, or steps, such as issuance, maintenance, or revocation, that are performed or conducted after the creation of the entity record with the correct attributes, during the digital identity provisioning process, or to the other activities, tasks, or functions, such as granting, aligning, or generating the access, permissions, or credentials, of the entity, that are performed or conducted during the digital identity provisioning process, rather than to the creation of the entity record with the correct attributes, during the digital identity provisioning process.Reference:CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5: Identity and Access Management, page 287;CISSP Official (ISC)2 Practice Tests, Third Edition, Domain 5: Identity and Access Management, Question 5.15, page 225.

According to the CXL blog2, the balance that must be considered when web application developers determine how informative application error messages should be constructed is risk versus benefit. Application error messages are the messages that are displayed or communicated to the users when an error or a problem occurs in the web application, such as a login failure, a form validation error, or a server error. Application error messages are important for the user experience and the conversion rate, as they help the users to understand and resolve the error or the problem, as well as to continue or complete their tasks or goals on the web application. However, application error messages also pose some risks or challenges for the web application developers, as they may reveal or expose some sensitive or confidential information about the web application, such as the system architecture, the database structure, or the security vulnerabilities, which may be exploited or attacked by the malicious users or hackers. Therefore, web application developers need to consider the balance between the risk and the benefit when determining how informative application error messages should be constructed. The risk is the potential or possibility of harm or damage to the web application, the data, or the users, as a result of the application error messages, such as the loss of privacy, integrity, or availability. The benefit is the value or advantage of the application error messages for the web application, the data, or the users, such as the improvement of usability, functionality, or security. Web application developers need to weigh the risk and the benefit of the application error messages, and decide how much and what kind of information to include or exclude in the application error messages, as well as how to present or format the information in the application error messages, in order to achieve the optimal balance between the risk and the benefit. Availability versus auditability is not the balance that must be considered when web application developers determine how informative application error messages should be constructed, as it is not related to the information or the presentation of the application error messages, but to the performance or the monitoring of the web application. Availability is the property that ensures that the web application, the data, or the users are accessible or usable when needed or desired, and are protected from unauthorized or unintended denial or disruption. Auditability is the property that ensures that the web application, the data, or the users are traceable or accountable for their actions or events, and are supported by the logging or recording mechanisms. Availability and auditability are both important for the web application, the data, and the users, but they are not the balance that must be considered when determining how informative application error messages should be constructed, as they do not affect or influence the information or the presentation of the application error messages. Confidentiality versus integrity is not the balance that must be considered when web application developers determine how informative application error messages should be constructed, as it is not related to the information or the presentation of the application error messages, but to the protection or the quality of the data. Confidentiality is the property that ensures that the data is only accessible or disclosed to the authorized parties, and is protected from unauthorized or unintended access or disclosure. Integrity is the property that ensures that the data is accurate, complete, and consistent, and is protected from unauthorized or unintended modification or corruption. Confidentiality and integrity are both important for the data, but they are not the balance that must be considered when determining how informative application error messages should be constructed, as they do not affect or influence the information or the presentation of the application error messages. Performance versus user satisfaction is not the balance that must be considered when web application developers determine how informative application error messages should be constructed, as it is not related to the information or the presentation of the application error messages, but to the efficiency or the effectiveness of the web application. Performance is the measure or indicator of how well the web application performs its functions or services, such as the speed, reliability, or scalability of the web application. User satisfaction is the measure or indicator of how satisfied the users are with the web application, its functions or services, or its user experience, such as the usability, functionality, or security of the web application.Performance and user satisfaction are both important for the web application, but they are not the balance that must be considered when determining how informative application error messages should be constructed, as they do not affect or influence the information or the presentation of the application error messages.Reference:2

The next step after completing the organization's Business Impact Analysis (BIA) is to identify and select recovery strategies. A BIA is a process of analyzing the potential impact and consequences of a disruption or disaster on the organization's critical business functions and processes. A BIA helps to identify the recovery objectives, priorities, and requirements for the organization. Based on the BIA results, the organization should identify and select the recovery strategies that are suitable and feasible for restoring the critical business functions and processes within the acceptable time frame and cost. The recovery strategies may include technical, operational, organizational, or contractual solutions, such as backup systems, alternate sites, mutual aid agreements, or insurance policies .Reference: : Business Impact Analysis | Ready.gov : Business Continuity Planning Process Diagram

Defining the identity mapping scheme presents the primary concern to an organization when setting up a federated single sign-on (SSO) solution with another. A federated SSO solution is a system that allows users to authenticate once and access multiple resources across different domains or organizations. An identity mapping scheme is a method of translating the user identities and attributes between different identity providers and resource providers. Defining the identity mapping scheme is a critical step in setting up a federated SSO solution, because it determines how the user information is exchanged and verified across the federation. Sending assertions to an identity provider, requesting identity assertions from the partner's domain, and having the resource provider query the identity provider are not the primary concerns to an organization when setting up a federated SSO solution with another, although they are part of the federated SSO process. An assertion is a statement or claim about a user's identity or attributes that is digitally signed by an identity provider. A resource provider is a system that provides access to a resource or service based on the user's identity or attributes. A resource provider may request or receive assertions from an identity provider or another resource provider to verify the user's identity or attributes. Reference: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5: Identity and Access Management, page 570. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 5: Identity and Access Management, page 389.

Granularity is the degree of detail or precision that an access control system can provide. A granular access control system can specify different levels of access for different users, groups, resources, or conditions.For example, a granular firewall can allow or deny traffic based on the source, destination, port, protocol, time, or other criteria