Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Dumps

Kernel Slabs Overview:

The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.

Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.

Interpreting the Exhibit:

The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.

The line for ip6_session indicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.

Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!) (Hammertux).

Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details (Hammertux).

Automation Stitches Overview:

Automation stitches in FortiOS allow administrators to automate responses to specific events, such as running diagnostic commands or taking corrective actions when certain thresholds are exceeded.

Diagnostic Commands and Alerts:

Automation stitches can be configured to run diagnostic commands and attach the results to email alerts. This is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes, particularly when CPU or memory usage exceeds set thresholds.

Sequential Execution with Parameters:

When actions are executed sequentially, each action can take parameters from the previous action as input. This enables more complex workflows and automation sequences where the output of one action influences the next.

Fortinet Documentation: Configuring and using automation stitches (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!) (Hammertux).

Fortinet Community: Automation stitches and their applications in FortiOS (Hammertux) (Fortinet GURU).

Session Table Overview:

The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.

Interpreting the Exhibit:

The exhibit from the diagnose sys session stat command shows detailed session statistics.

The specific value indicating '166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake' reflects the number of sessions that have initiated but not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).

Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables (Hammertux).

Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!) (Hammertux).

The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.

To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:

Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.

Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.

Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.

Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration

Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements

The exhibit displays the output of a real-time debug of the URL filtering process on a FortiGate device. The debug output includes various details about a web request being processed.

SNI (Server Name Indication): This is part of the SSL/TLS handshake where the client specifies the hostname it is trying to connect to. FortiGate can use this information to apply appropriate web filtering rules based on the server name.

CN (Common Name): This is a field in the server's SSL certificate that typically contains the server's hostname. FortiGate can extract this information to verify the identity of the server and apply security policies accordingly.

Given that the debug output includes the hostname 'training.fortinet.com,' it is likely derived from the SNI in the client's request or the CN in the server's certificate, indicating that FortiGate is using this information to process the web request.

Fortinet Community Documentation on Real-time Debugging