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| Vendor: | CIPS |
|---|---|
| Exam Code: | L4M2 |
| Exam Name: | Defining Business Needs |
| Exam Questions: | 304 |
| Last Updated: | November 21, 2025 |
| Related Certifications: | Level 4 Diploma in Procurement and Supply |
| Exam Tags: | Foundational level Procurement and Supply Professionals |
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Which of the following specific markets engage in creation, liquidation and change of ownership of stock?
Explanation
According to Investopedia, the financial services sector provides financial services to people and corporations. This segment of the economy is made up of a variety of financial firms includ-ing banks, investment houses, lenders, finance companies, real estate brokers, and insurance com-panies. As noted above, the financial services industry is probably the most important sector of the economy, leading the world in terms of earnings and equity market capitalization. Large conglomerates dominate this sector, but it also includes a diverse range of smaller companies.
According to the finance and development department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), financial services are the processes by which consumers or businesses acquire financial goods. For example, a payment system provider offers a financial service when it accepts and transfers funds between payers and recipients. This includes accounts settled through credit and debit cards, checks, and electronic funds transfers.
Companies in the financial services industry manage money. For instance, a financial advi-sor manages assets and offers advice on behalf of a client. The advisor does not directly provide investments or any other product, rather, they facilitate the movement of funds between savers and the issuers of securities and other instruments. This service is a temporary task rather than a tangible asset.
Financial goods, on the other hand, are not tasks. They are things. A mortgage loan may seem like a service, but it's actually a product that lasts beyond the initial provision. Stocks, bonds, loans, commodity assets, real estate, and insurance policies are examples of financial goods.
LO 2, AC 2.1
Jasmine identified a possible new supplier that offers commercial improvements in her category of spend. She decided to put forward a business case to justify the necessity for a new supplier assessment and audit with the aim of adding the supplier to the approved list. Jasmine decided to carry out a cost-benefits analysis. Is this the right approach for Jasmine to use?
Which of the following is a challenge of making a business case for straight re-buys?
Explanation
For straight re-buy, the specifications for the products are known. Generally, there will be an existing contract with supplier in place. The business need is challenged annually, only on the annual demand. So effective inventory control will help procurement successfully manage straight re-buy.
LO 1, AC 1.1
Why is the specification considered as the most important document in procurement?
Explanation
Specification is the most important document in procurement because it sets out the quality which supplier must provide. If there is no spec or the spec lacks clarity and details, supplier's perfor-mance may vary and possibly lower than actual requirements. This puts the buyer at risks. On the other hand, if the spec is clear and detailed, the supplier is liable to provide 'fit for purpose' products or perform the service at required level of quality. This will ensure that the buyer achieve 'Right Quality'.
- CIPS study guide page 116-130
- How fitness for purpose works - Evocurement
LO 3, AC 3.1
Would economies of scale be a barrier to entry for potential new entrants to a market?
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