CertNexus AIP-210 Exam Dumps

Sampling bias occurs when a data segment is collected in such a way that some members of the intended statistical population are less likely to be included than others. This can result in a sample that is not representative of the population and may lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions. Sampling bias can be caused by various factors, such as non-random sampling methods, non-response, self-selection, or convenience sampling. Reference: [Sampling bias - Wikipedia], [What is Sampling Bias? Definition, Types and Examples]

Retraining is the process of updating an existing ML model with new or updated data to maintain or improve its performance and relevance. Retraining can help address various issues or challenges in ML systems, such as data drift, concept drift, model degradation, or changing requirements. Retraining can be done using different strategies, such as periodically, continuously, or on-demand.

For an AI system that recommends New Year's resolutions, retraining periodically every year would be the best strategy for this pipeline. This is because New Year's resolutions are seasonal and time-sensitive, meaning that they may vary depending on the year or the current situation. Retraining periodically every year can help ensure that the system's recommendations are up-to-date and relevant for each new year.

Normalization is the transformation of features so that they are on a similar scale, usually between 0 and 1 or -1 and 1. This can help reduce the influence of outliers and improve the performance of some machine learning algorithms that are sensitive to the scale of the features, such as gradient descent, k-means, or k-nearest neighbors. Reference: [Feature scaling - Wikipedia], [Normalization vs Standardization --- Quantitative analysis]

Hyperparameter optimization is the process of finding the optimal values for hyperparameters that control the learning process of a given algorithm. Hyperparameters are parameters that are not learned by the algorithm but are set by the user before training. Hyperparameters can affect the performance and behavior of the algorithm, such as its speed, accuracy, complexity, or generalization. Hyperparameter optimization can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm by tuning its hyperparameters to achieve the best results.